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Pharmacology: Latanoprost and Timolol Maleate decrease elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) by different mechanisms of action and the combined effects results in additional IOP reduction compared to either compound administered alone.
Latanoprost: The active substance Latanoprost, a prostaglandin F2α analogue, is a selective prostanoid FP receptor agonist that reduces the IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. The main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow.
Latanoprost has no significant effects on the production of aqueous humour, the blood-aqueous barrier or the intraocular blood circulation.
Latanoprost has not induced fluorescein leakage in the posterior segment of pseudophakic human eyes during short term treatment.
Timolol Maleate: Timolol is a beta-1 and beta-2 (non-selective) adrenergic receptor blocking agent that has no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) activity. Timolol lowers IOP by decreasing the formation of aqueous in the ciliary epithelium. The precise mechanism of action is not clearly established but inhibition of increased cyclic AMP synthesis caused by endogenous beta-adrenergic stimulation is probable. Timolol has not been found to significantly affect the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier to plasma proteins.
